March and Olsen (1984). The New Institutionalism: Organization Factors in Political Life.

James March and Johan Olsenreductionism: the macro consequences of micro behavior. "the behavior of an organization is the consequence of the interlocking choices by individuals and firms, each acting in terms of expectations and preferences manifested at those levels" (736).Ulititarianism: Action as the making of calculated decisions. Actions as the product of calculated self-interest (not a response to duty).Functionalism: The efficiency of history. Instrumentalism: the primacy of outcomes (737).Institutionalist Perspective: institutions are atonomous, political actors, which influence society... as opposed to the view that society soley affects institutions.